Renewable Energy

“All Business Corporation should Implement Renewable Energy By 2020”
Through out the twenty century the Fossil fuels like- Coal, Oil, and natural gas- have been the primary source of Energy all over the world. These forms of energy are limited and take millions of year to produce from degradation and decomposition of plants and animals under tons of rocks and ancient seas. Our dependent in fossil fuel is creating serious problems like global warming, Ozone layer depletion, Pollution, economic crisis etc. in this century. Therefore, all Business Corporation should implement renewable energy by 2020, to avoid enormous economical catastrophe caused by global energy depletion. Renewable energy is produced from the resources like sun, wind, water, geothermal, biomass which is available in infinite amount and is constantly regenerated naturally over short period of time. Earth natural resources are limited and finite in nature. In next fifty years, we will start feeling scarcity of finding fuels and by the next century earth will be out of any kind of fuel. The population of world has reached about 6.77 billion and it is rising exponentially. The consumption of oil has reached to 28 billion barrels per year, which is huge volume and may not last longer ( Matthew). These fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy and it takes millions of year to form. Therefore, to save our future generation transition of 100 years long fossil fuel based economy into renewable energy is utmost important both economically and ecologically. The use of technology could harness the solar, wind and biomass energy which is 6000 times more abundant on annual basis than fossil fuel and produce large amount of energy that is sustainable and clean to environment and could be used to power factories, automobiles, homes, and aircrafts ( Christopher). Technology such as wind, solar, biomass, geothermal, and small hydro are contributing in reducing global warming and making us independent of traditional energy system. The current energy system based on fossil fuel threatens the future of our children and grandchildren by polluting the air and contributing to global warming. If current system is left untouched and unnoticed the emission of heat trapping gases like CO2 will damage our economical development and lead to irreversible damages by causing sea-level rise leading to flooding and coastal erosion; extreme weather condition causing more intense hurricane and drought; reduction of productivity of many fertile lands; loss of many treasured landscape and species- from coastal reef to polar beer (IPCC). A new fleet of coal- fired plants is significantly increasing global warming in America and rest of the world causing intense effect on our economy and quality of life. The global temperature has risen by 1.4 degree Fahrenheit [F] and it is estimated to rise by 2.4 to 10.5 degree by the end of this century, depending upon global response the threat ( Madsen and Sargent). Al Gore in Earth in balance has stated that, “The concentration of carbon dioxide and other heat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 percent since World War II.” (Gore).Renewable Energy promotes cleaner air and promotes healthy life style by eliminating pollutants that causes lung cancer, Cardiac problems, asthma, and allergies. It reduces industrial and electricity pollution by eliminating the production of harmful gases like sulfur oxides and nitrogen oxides, which are the major causes of acid rain. Due to Frequent acid rains, our water sources become acidic; this not only damages our crops and fertility of soils, but also adversely affects the animals who consume it. “Pollution and toxic chemicals take a heavy toll on public health, particularly with children. We’re dedicated to cutting smokestack and tailpipe pollution by 80%." Says Andy Darrell, VP Living Cities (Edf). Coal based power plants, which provides 49% of electricity in U.S. and 30% of carbon emission are estimated to emit annually 120,000 tons of Sulfur oxides, 240,000 tons of nitrogen oxides and 3 tons of mercury that are associated with premature death, Cardiovascular diseases, photochemical smog and neurotoxins all leading to death (Madsen and Sargent). Renewable energy not only help to reduce the environmental pollution, but also help to stabilize the economy by making us independent of few resources of energy and vulnerability, fluctuations of prices and interruption of fuel supply. As the renewable are self-reliant of fuel market, they are not affected by the constant change in fuel price as a result of increased or decreased demand and supply in the system, respectively. The chart below shows the growth of different renewable energy resources in the world. The solar PV is the fastest growing technology in the world (66%), hence creating millions of jobs in rural developing areas of the world (Martinot). The Renewable energy is turning into a big business as the entire big business corporations like Shell, BP, Sanyo, Siemens etc are investing on it. In 2004, over $ 30 billion dollars were invested worldwide and it created about 1.7 million jobs in manufacturing operations and maintenance (Martinot). Similarly, President Obama had pledged that United States would invest about $ 15 billion dollar annually to support the development and discoveries of green technologies. Pointing out at the green technology that are brought and assembled overseas in Europe or Korea, Obama said, “I do not accept a future where the jobs and industries of tomorrow take root beyond our borders -- and I know you don't either," (Geman). Renewable energy supply 17 percent of total energy in world and is growing in an exponential rate that the Obama-Biden administration has announced to create over Five million jobs in next ten years in the America ( Martinot). The modern technologies and research in developing renewable energy could shift the current conflict in the countries like Afghanistan, Iraq, middle-east, civil war in Venezuela and rest of the world toward peace and unity in world. The Former President George W. Bush lunched two most controversial foreign policy initiative:“a global war against terrorism” and a “ Global Campaign to Expand Americana Access to Foreign oil”, which merged the United States into many unstable, conflicted, and petroleum rich regions of the world that is now devastating our economy (Klare) . According to the [former Vice-President Dick] Cheney’s Cheney report, “the United States will become increasingly reliant on foreign oil. At present, we obtain about half of our petroleum from foreign sources; by 2020, imports will account for two-thirds of U.S. consumption, the report predicts. From this, it draws two conclusions: The United States must maintain good relations with Saudi Arabia and other oil producers in the region, and the United States must diversify oil suppliers around the world. "Middle East oil producers will remain central to world oil security," it says, but "our engagement must be global”. This means developing close ties with major suppliers in all oil-producing areas, including the Caspian region, Africa, and Latin America, is a "high-priority areas”(Klare). Therefore, we must be prepared and be self-reliant of our own infinite renewable energy before these countries stop selling those fuels to rest of the world. Despite all the advantages, “Renewable Energy is twice as much as expensive as gas or coal-fired electricity, with government subsidies unlikely to close the price gap” (Taylor). Most consumer of electricity in the world are those poor people who are very price sensitive and therefore these people would rather pay less to their utilities bills by choosing coal, gas other fossil fuel based energy system than paying double the sum of money in wind or solar energy. Besides, the producing energy from wind or solar energy is not always possible to meet the requirement or demand when wind is calm and the sky is cloudy. It always depends upon the geography of the place and limited to a specific site to install the plants and machineries. Therefore, there should always be backup conventional generators in those areas where demands of electricity constantly raise in hot summer days when there is no breeze. The renewable energy like wind, hydroelectricity and geothermal energy has been affecting our health and the ecosystem adversely, thus rising concern over the use of these technologies as an alternative source of energy. According to the American Wind Energy Association (AWEA), “Wind power providers found bats fatally collided with turbines in West Virginia, Tennessee, Minnesota, and Wyoming last year. Bats play an important role as primary predators of night flying insects, including many major agricultural pests, and they pollinate plants and disperse seeds" (Taylor). There are thousands of birds like golden eagles, red-tailed hawks, and burrowing eagle killed annually from the wind turbine blades, which is destroying the food chain of our ecosystem. Similarly, these wind turbines are thought to be spreading human diseases like malaria and west Nile virus ( Taylor). Also, the dams that are used in producing hydroelectricity are causing sever effect to the aquatic wildlife by stopping the constant flow oxygen in water, hence killing fishes and other water animals. Meanwhile, these dams are constantly threatening its nearby community as it could cause flooding and damage the lives and property of people living around it. The other biggest issue is the noise pollution due to the large wind turbine that is creating problems among the nearby habitants and property owner. These giant wind turbines produce unbearable sound while operating disturbing the peace and tranquility of nearby schools, hospitals, offices and other institutes. The energy challenge in the world is becoming more severed and havoc due to our addiction to the fossil fuel and undermined natural resource, which would generate same or more amount of energy, while creating negligible or zero effect on our environment. Renewable energy would stabilize the economy of any country by making them independent of any fuels that are non-renewable and strengthen the security of a country by making themselves self-reliant and self-sufficient. It would stop nations to merge into war in the search of oil and to gain authority upon it. Moreover, investing on renewable energy would bring a positive effect on global environment by cutting the green house gas and reducing global warming, which in turn cuts the health-threatening air pollutants. Besides, these new technologies would creates more jobs around the globe, build new communities and stabilize the world market price, hence all business Corporation should implement renewable energy by 2020 in order to prevent the collapsing world environment and economy.

Works Cited
Simmons, Matthew. "The World Is Running Out of Oil." At Issue: Is the World Heading Toward an Energy Crisis?.Ed. Daniel A. Leone. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Gale. North Lake College Lib., Irving ,Tx. 28 March. 2009<http://0-find.galegroup.com>.Flavin, Christopher. "A Transition to Renewable Energy Sources Is Necessary." Opposing Viewpoints: Energy Alternatives. Ed. Helen Cothran. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2002. North Lake College Lib., Irving ,Tx. 29 March.2009 <http://0- find.galegroup.com>.Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. “Third Assessment Report.” Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. North Lake College Lib., Irving ,Tx. 28 March. 2009.< http://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/climate-changes-2001/synthesis-spm/synthesis-spm- en.pdf>.Madsen,Travis and Sargent, Rob. "Coal Should Not Be the Energy of the Future." Opposing Viewpoints: Coal. Ed. Michael Logan. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2008. Gale. North Lake College Lib., Irving ,Tx. 28 March. 2009.<http://0-find.galegroup.com>.Gore, Albert. “ Ships in Desert.” Earth In Balance. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2000.29. North Lake College Lib., Irving ,Tx. 28 March. 2009.www.books.goole.com>Environmental Defense Fund. 25 March 2009. Health- Environmental Defense Fund. North Lake College Lib., Irving ,Tx. 28 March 2009<http://www.edf.org/page.cfm?tagID=67>Martinot, Eric. “Renewables 2005 Global Status Report.” Washington, DC:Worldwatch Institute. North Lake College Lib., Irving ,Tx. 28 March. 2009 <http://www.ren21.net>Biden, John and Obama, Barak. “ Energy and the Environement.” The Agenda. The White House. North Lake College Lib., Irving ,Tx. 28 March. 2009 < http://www.whitehouse.gov/agenda/energy_and_environment/>Geman, Ben. “Obama stresses energy investment but policy battles loom.” The New York Times. 29 Feb 2009. North Lake College Lib., Irving ,Tx. 28 March. 2009 <http://www.nytimes.com>Klare, Michael T. "The War on Terrorism Is Really a Struggle for Oil." Opposing Viewpoints: The War on Terrorism. Ed. Karen F. Balkin. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 2005. Gale. North Lake College Lib., Irving ,Tx. 31 March <http://0-find.galegroup.com>.

The Tell-Tale Heart

The Tell-Tale Heart
Edgar Allen Poe ( 1809-1849) was a famous American poet, short story writer, editor, and literary Critic. He is mostly recognized for his psychologically thrilling tales, detectives stories and science fiction, which has areas of special human experience- the “ inner world” of dream, hallucination, and imagination. Only lived for forty years, Poe was considered as a part of the Romantic movement and his contribution to romanticism, horror, science fiction, mystery, and literature as a whole is highly lauded. “ The Raven” (Poem), “ The fall of the house of usher”(Tale), “ The philosophy of composition” (Essay) are Poe’s the most significant contribution to literature. The story “ The Tell-Tale Heart” is about a narrator, who has a problem with the old man’s pale blue eye and he kills him to get rid of the curse. This story helps us to understand the theme, symbols and settings used by Poe, reflecting his inner conflict and psychological disorder.
The theme of the story “ The tell- Tale heart” is the guilt of the narrator and how he destroys himself. Through this story Poe is trying to convey message to his audience that however hard people try to hide their crime their “ Guilt will loud” and shall be punished by law. The narrator begins the story by admitting that he is nervous, yet keep on denying that he is insane, but wise and sharp minded. He does not have any firm reason to kill the old man nor he wanted the old man’s money, however the old man’s eye, which in his mind resembled with the vulture’s eye forced him to decide on murder. After killing the old man for no apparent reason, he hears endless heartbeat of the murdered old man, which was nothing but the sound aroused from his own terror. The confidence in the narrator eventually fades away, due to his own anxiety, fear and crime he had committed. As a result, the narrator confess his crime in front of law, and accept the consequence of it. Although, the narrator who denied of any evil deeds and justified his crime to be reasonable, the guilt ultimately came up through his own fear of discovery and provided justice to the old man.
A human heart can’t endure the burden of crime or guilt, especially when the sin is a murder. Wing-chi-ki reasons that evil we have within ourselves is often worse than the evil that might appear from the outside of people. Wing-chi-ki talks how the old man who had was physically evil due to his vulture looking eye, being murdered by the narrator who has evil within himself, absolutely for no reason. He said, “self-splitting occurs to characterize Poe's version of Ego-Evil: the hero becomes a divided subject that can see what's wrong, or understand the concepts of universal right and wrong through the eyes of the other, and yet he remains blind to his sins”. This story illustrate the biblical truth that humans love to impose their views upon others and fail to notice plank in our own eyes. We give priority to ourselves at the expense of other by eliminating them, which will end up by wrecking both sides (Ki).
Symbolism is another literary element that we see in most of Poe’s work. In this story “ The Tell-tale Heart”, he symbolizes the old man’s eye as evil and the reason of his murder. Although, the narrator loved the old man and had no desire of his property, his eyes was something he could not withstand and forced him to kill the old man. Another main symbolism used in this story was the “ heart beat” which is the symbol of time. Time is omniscient and omnipresent and it follows you wherever you go along with your deeds. In the story the narrator kills the old man and feels successful and glorified by his smartness, which is short-lived. When, the officers come, after a while the narrator starts turning pale and loses his confidence. He starts hearing the heart beat of his own and the dead old man’s. Since, the heart beat represents time, he could hide himself and his evil deed he had done, therefore confesses the crime. This shows that one cannot escape from the grasp of time, and our fate will always befall upon us.
James Kirkland brings up the relationship between the folk tradition and Poe’s literary text. He explores through the history and evidence of Poe’s familiarity with the folklores and talks about how the knowledge of evil eyes myths have influenced Poe’s story. He says, “ belief in fascination by eyes is as old as time itself”, and reasons that Poe’s was well acknowledged with the fact that certain people have the power to harm or even kill others simply by glancing or staring at them (Kirkland). Kirkland presents evidence from archeology that Evil eye was the most universal, the most ancient, and the most persistent of all the ancient superstitions (Kirkland). He says that there are sixty-seven culture around the globe, where the researchers have found evidence of some beliefs and practice associated with the evil-eye.
This story is written through the first person narrative point of view. It is clear after reading the story that the narrator is the protagonist and therefore if raises questions among the audience about the reliability of the narrator. Although the narrator constantly explains and reason that he in sane and the disease he has had sharpened his mind, his odd behaviors, reasoning and speeches makes the reader think that he is mad or suffering from some psychological problems. Actually, the first person narrative in this story has strengthened the foundation of the story and helped to understand the underlying plot. Due to use of active voice, the readers are able to gain the insight of the character and are able to cross the barrier between author and their own perception of antagonist. As we read through the story, we could be able to judge the narrator through his behavior and can conclude that he has symptoms similar to paranoid schizophrenia.
E. Arthur Robinson says, “ the point of view of the story is the criminal’s, but the tone is ironic in that his protestation of sanity produces an opposite effect upon the reader”. Robinson basically explains that “ The Tell-Tale Heart” is a monologue in which the narrator, a murder, protests his sanity rather than being innocence with the audience. James W. Gargono says that Poe’s intent of proving himself sane merely serves to intensify the notion of his madness or his psychological disorder. A systematic action can never be achieved if a person has some kind of psychological disorder or madness. A human being could never work efficiently if he/she is suffering from mental disorder (Robinson). In this story the narrator plea with his readers that he is sane and smart, by showing his cautious moves while killing the old man.
In conclusion, “ The Tell-Tale Heart” utilizes symbolism and irony in an extraordinary manner that add worth to the story. Poe’s on the other hand, artistically weaves all the elements of the story together and shapes the story into a Gothic fiction kind of genre. The story allows reader to gain an insight into a disturbed mind and provide lively experience of an insane and confuse person. The first person use of narration had given life to this story by focusing readers attention towards the inner world of the narrator and his madness. Besides, Poe’s through this story tries to convey the message that no matter where we hide or how long we try to hide or guilt it will be brought in front of the law by our own morals or through law.

Global Warming

Global Warming
The industrial revolution brought several exciting inventions that simplified our life by making us more efficient. The inventions such as cars, household appliance and the plants that burn woods, coals, solid waste and fossil fuel are the contributors of Global warming. Our atmosphere has natural supply of “Greenhouse Gases” like water vapors, carbon dioxide and other gases. These gases trap the solar radiation and keep our earth warm and makes earth suitable for living beings. Without these gases earth would be an inhabitable and frozen wasteland. But, with excess emission of these gases and depletion of ozone layer, which prevent ultraviolet rays ( UV-rays) to inter the earth, are already causing skin cancer, decrease in crops yield, rise of sea level due to melting of snow and glaciers, increase in tropical diseases, Drought in Africa and several other catastrophic impact in our lives. To solve this crisis we should act now rationally before it is late.
The NASA reported that since 1800’s the average land temperature has increased from 0.7 to 1.4 degree F. They also believe that if we continue this trend the average temperature will rise to an additional 2.5 to 10 degree F by 2100 ( Mastrandrea and Stephen) . This rate of increase will be much faster that our ecosystem will be severely affected and we will see more Tsunamis and Katrina across the world. Besides, the sea level are rising worldwide and along much of the U.S. coast. It is estimated that the sea level over the past 100 years rose approximately 4.4 to 8.8 inches ( EPA) . The expansion of water due to warming of sea, the melting of Greenland Ice sheet and Antarctic Ice sheet and the melting of Snow Mountains and Glaciers are the primary factor that adds rise in sea level.
The warming of earth is creating widespread shifting of natural habitat of animals and plants. As for example a flowering plant would not bloom without sufficient period of winter cold. Similarly, with the melting of ice, Polar bears are losing their habitat and they are having difficulties in finding prey. Hence, the mortality among their cubs has risen in past few decades due to uncontrolled human activities. In 2007, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife reserve proposed to list polar beer as threatened animal under endangered Species act.
Warming of the atmosphere changes the air pressure and air current throughout the world. Hence, the intensity and frequency of rainfall and tropical storms also increases causing several damages through flood, soil erosion, tornadoes and hurricanes. A recent hurricane Ike in Galveston, Texas that left millions of people homeless and an estimation of $ 27 billion of property damage, is an example of severe weather created due to global warming. Similarly, warmer climate would increase the possibility of drought. Higher evaporation, especially during summer and fall would lead to greater chance of wildfire. I was watching Some news about a recent wildfires on 15th Nov. 2008, in southern California, which burned around 800 houses and left millions homeless, are some phenomenon as a result of climate change.
Texas is No.1 among all the U.S states in emission of green house gases and seventh worldwide producing more carbon than Canada and United kingdom. There are multiple factor that leads to more carbon output such as heavy concentration of refineries and chemical plants, number of vehicles and higher number of coal plants. The Dallas based TXU is one of the major local culprit of green house emission. However, TXU is planning to invest $2 million for research to lower the carbon emission and increase nuclear plants as a sustainable source of power (Loftis).
The local government should initiate strict policies to control and check the emission of green house gas in atmosphere. Similarly, using fuel efficient vehicle and power saving florescent light bulbs add a lot on energy saving. Finding an alternative source of fossil fuel by replacing it with solar, wind, thermal and nuclear energy, which will cut carbon emission in a large amount, would balance us with ecosystem (Loftis). Similarly, planting trees is another major way to control the amount of carbon dioxide in atmosphere. As plant take carbon dioxide for photosynthesis to produce starch or glucose. Therefore, recognizing that delay action would adversely affect our future generation and planet earth, we must locally move together and launch grass root movement to help solve our countries most pressing problem: global warming.














Work Cited
EPA. “Recent Climate Change.” Environment Protection Agency. North Lake college Lib.Irving,Tx. 15, Nov. 2008. <>
Loftis , Randy Lee. “ Texas Cool to Confront Global Warming.” Dallas Morning News. 3rd September 2006. North Lake college Lib.Irving,Tx. 15, Nov. 2008.
Mastrandrea, Michael D., and Stephen H. Schneider. "Global warming." World Book Online Reference Center. 2005. North Lake college Lib.Irving,Tx. 15, Nov. 2008.